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<title>Battle of Changde</title>

Battle of Changde

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</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Changde</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> and the <a href="Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theater</a> of <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"> Chinese troops in combat at Changde</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td> (1943-11-02) (1944-01-05)2 November 1943 – 5 January 1944 (2 months and 3 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a> and vicinity, <a href="Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>, <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">China</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status">

Chinese defensive victory</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial changes</th><td>

Japanese capture the city, but later withdraw in January 1944</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">

<a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"></a> <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">

<a href="Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"></a> <a href="Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">

<a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"></a> <a href="Sun_Lianzhong" title="Sun Lianzhong">Sun Lianzhong</a> <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"></a> <a href="Xue_Yue" title="Xue Yue">Xue Yue</a> <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"></a> <a href="Feng_Zhi'an" title="Feng Zhi'an">Feng Zhi'an</a> <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"></a> <a href="Li_Yutang" title="Li Yutang">Li Yutang</a> <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"></a> <a href="Wang_Yaowu" title="Wang Yaowu">Wang Yaowu</a> <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)"></a> <a href="Liu_Chen-san" class="mw-redirect" title="Liu Chen-san">Liu Chen-san</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">

<a href="Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan"></a> <a href="Isamu_Yokoyama" title="Isamu Yokoyama">Isamu Yokoyama</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">

Sixth and Ninth Military Fronts in the main battlefield : 194,594 Fifth, Sixth, and Ninth Military Fronts in supporting operations : 155,793<a href="#cite_note-抗日戰史-1">[1]</a>: 162-163 </td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">

60,000+</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;">

Chinese Claim : Main battlefield :<a href="#cite_note-抗日戰史-1">[1]</a>: 162-163 23,485 killed 17,310 wounded 3,170 missing Supporting operations :<a href="#cite_note-抗日戰史-1">[1]</a>: 190-191 <a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> 1,740 killed 2,109 wounded 360 missing Fifth Military Front supporting the Sixth Military Front :<a href="#cite_note-3">[2]</a> 1,159 killed 1,703 wounded 317 missing 378 unspecified casualties Japanese Claim : Until 8 December 1943 :<a href="#cite_note-Dec_8-4">[3]</a> 29,503 killed 14,025 captured Until 29 December 1943 :<a href="#cite_note-Dec_29-5">[4]</a> 32,747 killed 14,325 captured</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em">

Japanese claim : Until 8 December 1943 :<a href="#cite_note-Dec_8-4">[3]</a> 1,274 dead 2,977 wounded Until 29 December 1943 :<a href="#cite_note-Dec_29-5">[4]</a> 1,666 killed Chinese Claim : Main battlefield :<a href="#cite_note-抗日戰史-1">[1]</a>: 162-163 46,470 casualties American and British claims: 40,000+ killed and wounded<a href="#cite_note-Critical_Past-6">[5]</a>

Thousands of guns, ammunitions, shells, and prisoners taken and captured.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;">

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The statistics of losses for the Fifth Military Front are mostly missing

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</style><div id="Second_Sino-Japanese_War7484" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>1931–1937 (pre-war skirmishes)</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lytton_Report" title="Lytton Report">Lytton Report</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jiangqiao_campaign" title="Jiangqiao campaign">Jiangqiao</a></li>

<li><a href="Resistance_at_Nenjiang_Bridge" title="Resistance at Nenjiang Bridge">Nenjiang Bridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Jinzhou_Operation" title="Jinzhou Operation">Jinzhou</a></li>

<li><a href="Defense_of_Harbin" title="Defense of Harbin">Harbin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="January_28_incident" title="January 28 incident">1st Shanghai</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacification_of_Manchukuo" title="Pacification of Manchukuo">Pacification of Manchukuo</a></li>

<li><a href="Defense_of_the_Great_Wall" title="Defense of the Great Wall">Great Wall</a>

<li><a href="Actions_in_Inner_Mongolia_(1933%E2%80%931936)" title="Actions in Inner Mongolia (1933–1936)">Inner Mongolia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Suiyuan_campaign" title="Suiyuan campaign">Suiyuan</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Marco_Polo_Bridge_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Marco Polo Bridge Incident">Marco Polo Bridge</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Beiping%E2%80%93Tianjin" title="Battle of Beiping–Tianjin">Beiping–Tianjin</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Chahar" title="Operation Chahar">Chahar</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Shanghai" title="Battle of Shanghai">2nd Shanghai</a>

<ul><li><a href="Defense_of_Sihang_Warehouse" title="Defense of Sihang Warehouse">Sihang Warehouse</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Railway Operation

<ul><li><a href="Beiping%E2%80%93Hankou_Railway_Operation" title="Beiping–Hankou Railway Operation">Beiping–Hankou</a></li>

<li><a href="Tianjin%E2%80%93Pukou_Railway_Operation" title="Tianjin–Pukou Railway Operation">Tianjin–Pukou</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Taiyuan" title="Battle of Taiyuan">Taiyuan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Pingxingguan" title="Battle of Pingxingguan">Pingxingguan</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Xinkou" title="Battle of Xinkou">Xinkou</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Nanking" title="Battle of Nanking">Nanking</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Massacre</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Xuzhou" title="Battle of Xuzhou">Xuzhou</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Taierzhuang" title="Battle of Taierzhuang">Taierzhuang</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Northern_and_Eastern_Henan" title="Battle of Northern and Eastern Henan">North-East Henan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Lanfeng" title="Battle of Lanfeng">Lanfeng</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bombing_of_Chongqing" title="Bombing of Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li>

<li><a href="1938_Yellow_River_flood" title="1938 Yellow River flood">Yellow River flood</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Wuhan" title="Battle of Wuhan">Wuhan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Wanjialing" title="Battle of Wanjialing">Wanjialing</a></li>

<li><a href="1938_Changsha_fire" title="1938 Changsha fire">Wenxi fire</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Canton_Operation" title="Canton Operation">Canton</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hainan_Island_Operation" title="Hainan Island Operation">Hainan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Nanchang" title="Battle of Nanchang">Nanchang</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Suixian%E2%80%93Zaoyang" title="Battle of Suixian–Zaoyang">Suixian–Zaoyang</a>

<ul><li><a href="Swatow_Operation" title="Swatow Operation">Swatow</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">1st Changsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">South Guangxi</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Kunlun_Pass" title="Battle of Kunlun Pass">Kunlun Pass</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">Winter Offensive</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_West_Suiyuan" title="Battle of West Suiyuan">West Suiyuan</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Wuyuan" title="Battle of Wuyuan">Wuyuan</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Zaoyang–Yichang</a></li>

<li><a href="Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">North Vietnam</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Hubei_Operation" title="Central Hubei Operation">Central Hubei</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Fourth_Army_incident" title="New Fourth Army incident">South Anhui</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">South Henan</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Hubei_Operation" title="Western Hubei Operation">West Hubei</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Shanggao</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">South Shanxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">2nd Changsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">3rd Changsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Yunnan%E2%80%93Burma_Road" title="Battle of the Yunnan–Burma Road">Yunnan-Burma Road</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Tachiao" title="Battle of Tachiao">Tachiao</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Oktwin" title="Battle of Oktwin">Oktwin</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Toungoo" title="Battle of Toungoo">Toungoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Yenangyaung" title="Battle of Yenangyaung">Yenangyaung</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang–Jiangxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Proposed_Japanese_invasion_of_Sichuan" title="Proposed Japanese invasion of Sichuan">Sichuan (cancelled)</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">West Hubei</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">North Burma and West Yunnan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Siege_of_Myitkyina" title="Siege of Myitkyina">Myitkyina</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Mount_Song" title="Battle of Mount Song">Mount Song</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Changsha_(1944)" title="Battle of Changsha (1944)">4th Changsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Hengyang" title="Battle of Hengyang">Hengyang</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Guilin%E2%80%93Liuzhou" title="Battle of Guilin–Liuzhou">Guilin–Liuzhou</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_West_Henan%E2%80%93North_Hubei" title="Battle of West Henan–North Hubei">West Henan–North Hubei</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Guangxi</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Taihoku_Air_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="Taihoku Air Strike">Taihoku</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pacific_War7727" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Pacific_War7727" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>Central Pacific</dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Pearl Harbor</a></li>

<li><a href="Marshalls%E2%80%93Gilberts_raids" title="Marshalls–Gilberts raids">Marshalls–Gilberts raids</a></li>

<li><a href="Doolittle_Raid" title="Doolittle Raid">Doolittle Raid</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Midway</a></li>

<li><a href="Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilberts and Marshalls</a></li>

<li><a href="Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Marianas and Palau</a></li>

<li><a href="Volcano_and_Ryukyu_Islands_campaign" title="Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign">Volcano and Ryukyu</a></li>

<li><a href="Ocean_Island_massacre" title="Ocean Island massacre">Ocean Island</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean (1941–1945)</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_raiders_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Japanese raiders in the Indian Ocean">Japanese merchant raids</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_occupation_of_the_Andaman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese occupation of the Andaman Islands">Andaman Islands</a>

<ul><li><a href="Homfreyganj_massacre" title="Homfreyganj massacre">Homfreyganj massacre</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Ocean_raid" title="Indian Ocean raid">1st Indian Ocean</a>

<ul><li><a href="Easter_Sunday_Raid" title="Easter Sunday Raid">Ceylon</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Stab" title="Operation Stab">Bay of Bengal</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Ocean_raid_(1944)" title="Indian Ocean raid (1944)">2nd Indian Ocean</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">Southeast Asia</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Indochina (1940)</a></li>

<li><a href="Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Singapore</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_coup_d'%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina (1945)</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Malacca_Strait" title="Battle of the Malacca Strait">Malacca Strait</a></li>

<li><a href="August_Revolution" title="August Revolution">Vietnam</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Jurist" title="Operation Jurist">Jurist</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Tiderace" title="Operation Tiderace">Tiderace</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Zipper" title="Operation Zipper">Zipper</a></li>

<li><a href="Bombing_of_South-East_Asia_(1944%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of South-East Asia (1944–45)">Strategic bombing (1944–45)</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma and India</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Burma (1941–42)</a></li>

<li><a href="Burma_campaign_(1942%E2%80%931943)" title="Burma campaign (1942–1943)">Burma (1942–43)</a></li>

<li><a href="Burma_campaign_(1944)" title="Burma campaign (1944)">Burma and India (1944)</a></li>

<li><a href="Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–45)</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">Southwest Pacific</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Dutch East Indies (1941–42)</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Philippines (1941–42)</a></li>

<li><a href="Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Coral Sea</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Timor" title="Battle of Timor">Timor</a></li>

<li><a href="Axis_naval_activity_in_Australian_waters" title="Axis naval activity in Australian waters">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Britain_campaign" title="New Britain campaign">New Britain</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–45)</a></li>

<li><a href="Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo (1945)</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">North America</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Bombardment_of_Ellwood" title="Bombardment of Ellwood">Ellwood</a></li>

<li><a href="Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Estevan Point Lighthouse</a></li>

<li><a href="Bombardment_of_Fort_Stevens" title="Bombardment of Fort Stevens">Fort Stevens</a></li>

<li><a href="Lookout_Air_Raids" title="Lookout Air Raids">Lookout Air Raids</a></li>

<li><a href="Fu-Go_balloon_bomb" title="Fu-Go balloon bomb">Fire balloon bombs</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li>

<dl><dt><a href="Japan_campaign" title="Japan campaign">Japan</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Air_raids_on_Japan" title="Air raids on Japan">Air raids</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bombing_of_Tokyo" title="Bombing of Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li>

<li><a href="Attack_on_Yokosuka" title="Attack on Yokosuka">Yokosuka</a></li>

<li><a href="Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Hiroshima and Nagasaki</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_air_attacks_on_the_Mariana_Islands" title="Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands">Mariana Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Volcano_and_Ryukyu_Islands_campaign" title="Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign">Volcano and Ryukyu Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Starvation" title="Operation Starvation">Starvation</a></li>

<li><a href="Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardments</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Sagami_Bay" title="Battle of Sagami Bay">Sagami Bay</a></li>

<li><a href="Invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li>

<li><a href="Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Downfall" title="Operation Downfall">Downfall</a></li>

<li><a href="Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Japanese surrender</a></li></ul>

<dl><dt><a href="Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Manchuria and Northern Korea</a></dt></dl>

<ul><li><a href="Kantokuen" title="Kantokuen">Kantokuen</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria (1945)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Mutanchiang" title="Battle of Mutanchiang">Mutanchiang</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Seishin_Operation" title="Seishin Operation">Chongjin</a></li></ul>

<hr>

<a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Military_campaigns_of_the_Empire_of_Japan2345" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Military_campaigns_of_the_Empire_of_Japan2345" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military campaigns of the <a href="Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_Taiwan_(1874)" title="Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)">Taiwan (1874)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ganghwa_Island_incident" title="Ganghwa Island incident">Ganghwa (1875)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ryukyu_Disposition" title="Ryukyu Disposition">Ryukyu (1879)</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">Qing-Japanese War (1894–1895)</a></li>

<li><a href="Triple_Intervention" title="Triple Intervention">Triple Intervention (1895)</a></li>

<li><a href="Boxer_Rebellion" title="Boxer Rebellion">Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)</a></li>

<li><a href="Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905)</a></li>

<li><a href="Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Treaty_of_1910" title="Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910">Japan–Korea Treaty of 1910</a> </li></ul>

<a href="Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō era</a>

<ul><li><a href="Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao (1914)</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_occupation_of_German_colonial_possessions" title="Japanese occupation of German colonial possessions">German Pacific possesions (1914)</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_intervention_in_Siberia" title="Japanese intervention in Siberia">Siberia (1918–1922)</a> </li></ul>

<a href="Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa era</a>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Japanese invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria (1931–1932)</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China (1937–1945)</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">French Indochina (1940)</a>

<li><a href="Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific Theatre (1941–1945)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Campaigns_of_World_War_II14262" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="Campaigns_of_World_War_II14262" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Campaigns of <a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a>

<ul><li><a href="Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Poland</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soviet_invasion_of_Poland" title="Soviet invasion of Poland">Soviet invasion</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Saar_Offensive" title="Saar Offensive">Saar Offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a>

<ul><li><a href="Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li>

<li><a href="Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Karelia</a></li>

<li><a href="Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Weser%C3%BCbung" title="Operation Weserübung">Weserübung</a>

<ul><li><a href="German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a>

<ul><li><a href="Liberation_of_Finnmark" title="Liberation of Finnmark">Finnmark</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front 1940</a>

<ul><li><a href="German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">France</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Britain</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a>

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Barbarossa</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Leningrad</a></li>

<li><a href="Crimean_campaign" title="Crimean campaign">Crimea</a></li>

<li><a href="Battles_of_Rzhev" title="Battles of Rzhev">Rzhev</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Kursk</a></li>

<li><a href="Dnieper%E2%80%93Carpathian_offensive" title="Dnieper–Carpathian offensive">Dnieper–Carpaths</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Romania" title="Battle of Romania">Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Berlin</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Western Front 1944–1945</a>

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Dragoon</a></li>

<li><a href="Siegfried_Line_campaign" title="Siegfried Line campaign">Siegfried Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Market Garden</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Bulge</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<a href="Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Asia-Pacific</a>

<ul><li><a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a>

<ul><li><a href="1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">Winter Offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a>

<ul><li><a href="South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Indochina</a></li>

<li><a href="Franco-Thai_War" title="Franco-Thai War">Franco-Thai War</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malaya and </a><a href="Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Singapore</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South West Pacific</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Philippines 1941–1942</a>

<li><a href="Dutch_East_Indies_campaign" title="Dutch East Indies campaign">Dutch East Indies</a>

<ul><li><a href="Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo 1945</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands</a>

<ul><li><a href="Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Georgia_campaign" title="New Georgia campaign">New Georgia</a></li>

<li><a href="Bougainville_campaign" title="Bougainville campaign">Bougainville</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="New_Guinea_campaign" title="New Guinea campaign">New Guinea</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track</a></li>

<li><a href="Salamaua%E2%80%93Lae_campaign" title="Salamaua–Lae campaign">Salamaua–Lae</a></li>

<li><a href="Markham%2C_Ramu_and_Finisterre_campaigns" title="Markham, Ramu and Finisterre campaigns">Markham, Ramu and Finisterre</a></li>

<li><a href="Huon_Peninsula_campaign" title="Huon Peninsula campaign">Huon Peninsula</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Britain_campaign" title="New Britain campaign">New Britain</a></li>

<li><a href="Admiralty_Islands_campaign" title="Admiralty Islands campaign">Admiralty Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_New_Guinea_campaign" title="Western New Guinea campaign">Western New Guinea</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">Pacific Ocean</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><ul><li><a href="Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilberts and Marshalls</a></li>

<li><a href="Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></li>

<li><a href="Volcano_and_Ryukyu_Islands_campaign" title="Volcano and Ryukyu Islands campaign">Volcano and Ryukyu</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_War" title="Soviet–Japanese War">Soviet–Japanese War</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria and Northern Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet%E2%80%93Japanese_border_conflicts" title="Soviet–Japanese border conflicts">pre-war border conflicts</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Japan_campaign" title="Japan campaign">Japan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li>

<li><a href="Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kurils</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<a href="Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a>

<ul><li><a href="Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Balkans campaign (World War II)">Balkans</a>

<ul><li><a href="Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Greco-Italian War</a></li>

<li><a href="German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">Greece</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Crete</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li>

<li><a href="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a>

<ul><li><a href="Adriatic_campaign_of_World_War_II" title="Adriatic campaign of World War II">Adriatic</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">Malta</a></li>

<li><a href="Dodecanese_campaign" title="Dodecanese campaign">Dodecanese</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Italian_guerrilla_war_in_Ethiopia" title="Italian guerrilla war in Ethiopia">Guerrilla war</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II#Middle_East_operations" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Middle East</a>

<li><a href="Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">Libya-Egypt</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Morocco-Algeria</a></li>

<li><a href="Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisia</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Sicily</a></li>

<li><a href="Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Mainland Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Winter_Line" title="Winter Line">Winter Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Spring Offensive</a></li></ul></li></ul>

Other campaigns

<ul><li><a href="Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air Warfare</a>

<ul><li><a href="Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a>

<ul><li><a href="Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleuts</a></li></ul></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Antarctica_during_World_War_II" title="Antarctica during World War II">Antarctica</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></li>

<li><a href="Attacks_on_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Attacks on Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Arctic_naval_operations_of_World_War_II" title="Arctic naval operations of World War II">Arctic</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean 1940–1945</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li></ul></li></ul>

Coups

<ul><li><a href="Planned_Nazi_coup_and_invasion_of_Uruguay" title="Planned Nazi coup and invasion of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li>

<li><a href="1940_Norwegian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1940 Norwegian coup d'état">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic Nations</a></li>

<li><a href="Yugoslav_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="Yugoslav coup d'état">Yugoslavia</a></li>

<li><a href="Legionnaires'_rebellion_and_Bucharest_pogrom" title="Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom">Romania 1941</a></li>

<li><a href="Fall_of_the_Fascist_regime_in_Italy" title="Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="1943_Argentine_Revolution" title="1943 Argentine Revolution">Argentina</a></li>

<li><a href="20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Lorkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Voki%C4%87_plot" title="Lorković–Vokić plot">Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="1944_Romanian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">Romania 1944</a></li>

<li><a href="1944_Bulgarian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Panzerfaust" title="Operation Panzerfaust">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_coup_d'%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">French Indochina</a></li>

<li><a href="Ky%C5%ABj%C5%8D_incident" title="Kyūjō incident">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Matsue_incident" title="Matsue incident">Matsue</a></li>

<li><a href="Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a></li></ul>

Resistance movements

<ul><li><a href="World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albanian resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></li>

<li><a href="Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgian Resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czechoslovak Resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Danish resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Dutch resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greek resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">Italian Resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norwegian resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian resistance movement during World War II">Romanian resistance</a></li>

<li><a href="Slovak_partisans" title="Slovak partisans">Slovak partisans</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisans</a></li>

<li><a href="Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

The Battle of Changde (Battle of Changteh; <a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 常德會戰; <a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 常德会战; <a href="Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: Chángdé Huìzhàn) was a major engagement in the <a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a> in and around the <a href="Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%9349)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China (1912–49)">Chinese</a> city of <a href="Changde" title="Changde">Changde</a> (Changteh) in the province of <a href="Hunan" title="Hunan">Hunan</a>.

The purpose of the Japanese offensive was to maintain pressure on the Chinese <a href="National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> to reduce its combat ability in the region and its ability to reinforce the <a href="Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-H161-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a>

The Japanese were initially successful in their offensive operation by bacteria-infected bombs and captured parts of the city of Changde, which forced civilians to evacuate. The Japanese were pinned down in the city by a Chinese division long enough for other Chinese units to surround them with a counterencirclement. Heavy casualties and the loss of their supply lines then forced the Japanese to withdraw, which returned territorial control to the original status quo.

Some contemporary Western newspapers depicted the battle as a Chinese victory.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a> American government film footage showed victorious Chinese troops with Japanese prisoners and captured Japanese flags and equipment on display after the battle. In addition, an American newsreel titled Chinese troops drive Japs from Changteh showed Chinese troops firing, with dead and captured Japanese on display. A British newsreel titled Japs Loose Changteh Aka Japs Lose Changte showed similar footage.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Japanese_offensive">Japanese offensive</h2></div>

On 2 November 1943 <a href="Isamu_Yokoyama" title="Isamu Yokoyama">Isamu Yokoyama</a>, commander of the <a href="Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Japanese</a> <a href="Eleventh_Army_(Japan)" title="Eleventh Army (Japan)">11th Army</a>, deployed the <a href="39th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="39th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">39th</a>, <a href="58th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="58th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">58th</a>, <a href="13th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="13th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">13th</a>, <a href="3rd_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="3rd Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">3rd</a>, <a href="116th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="116th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">116th</a> and <a href="68th_Division_(Imperial_Japanese_Army)" title="68th Division (Imperial Japanese Army)">68th divisions</a>—a total of around 60,000 troops—to attack Changde from the north and the east. The Changde region was defended by the Chinese 6th War Zone's 10th, 26th, 29th and 33rd Army Groups, as well as a river defense force and two other corps, for a total of 14 corps.

On 14 November the Japanese 13th Division, with aid from <a href="Collaborationist_Chinese_Army" title="Collaborationist Chinese Army">collaborators</a>, drove south and broke through the defensive lines of the Chinese 10th and the 29th Group Armies. On 16 November, Japanese airborne forces landed in <a href="Taoyuan_County" title="Taoyuan County">Taoyuan County</a> to support the assault on the city proper. At the same time, the Japanese 3rd and 116th Divisions also joined the combined assault. The city was guarded by one Chinese division - the 74th Corps' 57th Division commander Yu Chengwan led 8,000 men to fight against the two invading Japanese divisions. Despite being outnumbered by more than three to one, the Chinese stubbornly held onto the city. Eleven days and nights of fierce fighting saw heavy casualties on both sides. When the Chinese reinforcements finally arrived in the city, they managed to evacuate the remaining 100 survivors in the 57th Division, all of whom were wounded, from the city. On 6 December the city of Changde fell to the Japanese control.

While the Chinese 57th Division pinned down the Japanese in the city, the rest of the 74th Corps, as well as the 18th, 73rd, 79th and 100th Corps and the 9th War Zone's 10th Corps, 99th Corps and <a href="Jiangxi" title="Jiangxi">Jiangxi</a>'s 58th Corps, arrived at the battlefield, forming a counter-encirclement on the Japanese forces.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chinese_counteroffensive">Chinese counteroffensive</h2></div>

<a href="Fang_Xianjue" title="Fang Xianjue">Fang Xianjue</a>'s 10th Corps was first to strike, successfully retaking Deshan on 29 November before attacking the Japanese positions at Changde from the south. Unable to withstand the fierce Chinese assault, the Japanese utilized chemical weapons.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-14">[13]</a> The battle lasted for six days and nights, during which the Chinese Reserve 10th Division's commander Lieutenant General Sun Mingjin received 5 gunshot wounds to the body and was killed in action.

At this time other Chinese units were also pressing onto the Japanese positions. On 11 December Chinese reinforcements broke through the Japanese lines and into the city, which resulted in intense <a href="Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">house-to-house fighting</a>. The Chinese then proceeded to cut the Japanese supply lines. Depleted of food and ammunition, the Japanese retreated on 13 December. The Chinese pursued them for more than 20 days. By 5 January 1944 Japanese forces had withdrawn to their original positions before the offensive. Following the battle, the Chinese displayed an array of captured Japanese weapons and equipment, as well as numerous Japanese troops taken as prisoners, for inspection by allied military observers.

During this campaign, apart from the Reserve 10th Division's Sun Mingjin, two other Chinese division commanders were killed: the 44th Corps' 150th Division's Lieutenant General <a href="Xu_Guozhang" title="Xu Guozhang">Xu Guozhang</a> was killed at Taifushan in Changde's northwest, aged 37, while the 73rd corps' 5th Division's Lieutenant General Peng Shiliang(<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%A3%AB%E9%87%8F" class="extiw external" title="zh:彭士量">zh:彭士量</a>) was killed at the Taoyuan-Shimen line, aged 38.

The Changde campaign saw the largest participation of the Chinese air force since the <a href="Battle_of_Wuhan" title="Battle of Wuhan">Battle of Wuhan</a>.

Reporter <a href="Israel_Epstein" title="Israel Epstein">Israel Epstein</a> witnessed and reported on the battle. <a href="Witold_Urbanowicz" title="Witold Urbanowicz">Witold Urbanowicz</a>, a <a href="Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> fighter ace engaged in air combat over China in 1943, saw the city just after the battle.<a href="#cite_note-H161-7">[6]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2></div>

From 10 November 1943 until 17 January 1944, the Japanese 116th Division had a reduction of 7,547 personnel.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> The 65th Infantry Regiment of the Japanese 13th Division also received 1,047 supplementary soldiers after the battle.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a>

After Yu Chengwan broke out and led his remaining men to counterattack Changde, the divisional commander was detained and held in trial for abandoning the city. The military court believed that his circumstance was forgivable as he had lead his troops to defend Changde for twelve days, and sentenced him to five years in prison. However, Chiang Kai-Shek initially did not approve it as he wanted the divisional commander executed. Eventually, with the pleas of Sun Lianzhong and others, Yu Chengwan was spared from execution. Fang Xianjue, the commander of the 10th corps, and Zhu Yue (朱岳), the commander of the 190th division, were both dismissed for the crime of 'preserving strength'. This accusation stemmed from the delaying of the 190th division from assisting the 3rd division in breaking through Changde due to resentments between the divisional commander and corps commander. However, similar to the case with the <a href="Second_Battle_of_Changsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Battle of Changsha">Second Battle of Changsha</a>, the newly-appointed commander of the 10th corps failed to take up post before the <a href="Battle_of_Hengyang" title="Battle of Hengyang">battle of Hengyang</a>, resulting in Fang Xianjue continuing his post as corps commander.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a>

After the battle, Sun Lianzhong ordered the burial of the 6,747 soldiers killed in action in the Changde city.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> The 74th corps "undertook the most arduous tasks. The officers and soldiers at all levels fought tenaciously with loyalty, bravery, and sacrifices. Their tragic and magnificent conduct, outstanding combat record, excellent training, and strict discipline made them exemplary models for the Nationalist army." The 57th division "defended Changde for fifteen bloody days and nights. The enemy employed aircraft, heavy artillery, poison gas, and incendiary attacks, yet our officers and soldiers held on with their flesh and blood. Especially on the 1st and 2nd of December, when all of our fortifications were completely destroyed, our remaining more than 100 officers and soldiers still used the corpses on the battlefield as obstacles, engaging the enemy in hand-to-hand combat with knives and throwing rocks with unprecedented brutality and heroism. The division was able to pin down the enemy’s 3rd, 68th, and 116th divisions, and a portion of the 40th division, causing more than 10,000 losses and contributing to the success of encircling the enemy." The artillery regiment of the 74th corps "was assigned to the 57th division for the defense of Changde. The infantry and artillery coordinated well, allowing the artillery to unleash its full potential, completely annihilating the enemy. When they run out of shells, the artillerymen joined the infantry in combat, throwing grenades and charging the enemy, sacrificing down to the last man and bringing honor to the soldiers of the special forces."<a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> On August 3, 1944, the Nationalist Government awarded the Flying Tiger Flag for each of the three units.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_pop_culture">In pop culture</h2></div>

The 2010 Chinese war film <a href="Death_and_Glory_in_Changde" title="Death and Glory in Changde">Death and Glory in Changde</a> is based on the events in this battle.

<a href="Order_of_Battle%3A_Battle_of_Changde" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Battle: Battle of Changde">Order of Battle: Battle of Changde</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> 國史館檔案史料文物查詢系統，國民政府令陸軍第七十四軍等給予榮譽旗並授予孫連仲等六十七員各等勛章，典藏號：001-035100-00074-050 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://ahonline.drnh.gov.tw/index.php?act=Display/image/5642309tK=bigi#c0F">[4]</a>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFLong-hsuenMing-kai1971" class="citation book cs1">Long-hsuen, Hsu; Ming-kai, Chang (1971). History of The Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). Translated by Ha-hsiung, Wen (2nd ed.). Taipei: Chung Wu Publishing. pp. 412–416 Map 38.</cite></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFBarenblatt2004" class="citation book cs1">Barenblatt, Daniel (2004). A Plague Upon Humanity. Harper Collins. pp. 220–221.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Battle_of_Changde" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Battle of Changde">Battle of Changde</a>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?p=1000861#1000861">Axis History Forum Index; WW2 in the Pacific & Asia; Battle of Changde</a> Order of Battle and Map, Photos from Changde (常德) War Memorial</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.republicanchina.org/war.html">RESISTANCE WARS; Campaign of E-Xi, Battle Of Changde</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww2db.com/image.php?image_id=9035">Captured Japanese soldier</a></li></ul>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II25329" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div id="World_War_II25329" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Leaders

<ul><li><a href="Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></li>

<li><a href="Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></li>

<li><a href="World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></li>

<li><a href="Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></li>

<li><a href="Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></li>

<li><a href="Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a>

<ul><li><a href="Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></li>

<li><a href="Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a>

<ul><li><a href="British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></li>

<li><a href="Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></li>

<li><a href="Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></li>

<li><a href="Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></li>

<li><a href="Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a>

<ul><li><a href="Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></li>

<li><a href="Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a> </li>

<li><a href="Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></li>

<li><a href="Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></li>

<li><a href="Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></li>

<li><a href="Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a>

<ul><li><a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li>

<li><a href="South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></li>

<li><a href="South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a>

<ul><li><a href="Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></li>

<li><a href="Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a>

<ul><li><a href="North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></li>

<li><a href="Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></li>

<li><a href="Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></li>

<li><a href="Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></li>

<li><a href="Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul">Keelhaul</a></li>

<li><a href="Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></li>

<li><a href="Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim">Osoaviakhim</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Paperclip</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a>

<ul><li><a href="Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_People's_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a>

<ul><li><a href="Soviet_atrocities_committed_against_prisoners_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Soviet atrocities committed against prisoners of war during World War II">Atrocities against prisoners of war</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a>

<ul><li><a href="Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></li>

<li><a href="War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a>

<ul><li><a href="Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></li>

<li><a href="International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a>

<ul><li><a href="Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></li>

<li><a href="The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></li>

<li>Sexual violence

<ul><li><a href="German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></li>

<li><a href="German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></li>

<li><a href="Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  / <a href="Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  / <a href="Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a>  / <a href="Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Manchuria" title="Rape during the occupation of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></li>

<li><a href="Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  / <a href="Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></li>

<li><a href="Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></li>

<li><a href="Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></li>

<li><a href="Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="1944_Bulgarian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></li>

<li><a href="Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></li>

<li><a href="Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</li>

<li><a href="Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</li>

<li><a href="France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Liberia_in_World_War_II" title="Liberia in World War II">Liberia</a></li>

<li><a href="Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="1944_Romanian_coup_d'%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a>

<ul><li><a href="Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</li>

<li><a href="State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a></li>

<li><a href="Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Republic of China (Wang Jingwei)</a></li>

<li><a href="Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></li>

<li><a href="Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</li>

<li><a href="Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)

<ul><li><a href="Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li>

<li><a href="Mengjiang" title="Mengjiang">Mengjiang</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</li>

<li><a href="Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>

<ul><li><a href="Leased_Territory_of_Guangzhouwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan">Guangzhouwan</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></li>

<li><a href="Madagascar_in_World_War_II" title="Madagascar in World War II">French Madagascar</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Syria–Lebanon</a></li>

<li><a href="French_North_Africa" title="French North Africa">French North Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">French West Africa</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Collaboration</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></li>

<li><a href="Invasion_and_occupation_of_Monaco_during_World_War_II#World_War_II" title="Invasion and occupation of Monaco during World War II">Monaco</a></li>

<li><a href="Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_San_Marino#World_War_II" title="History of San Marino">San Marino</a></li>

<li><a href="Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II#Saudi_Arabia" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Saudi Arabia</a></li>

<li><a href="Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></li>

<li><a href="Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></li>

<li><a href="Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_Turkey#World_War_II" title="Military history of Turkey">Turkey</a></li>

<li><a href="Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingdom_of_Yemen#World_War_II_and_after" title="Kingdom of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></li>

<li><a href="Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li>

<li><a href="Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></li>

<li><a href="Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li>

<li><a href="Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li>

<li><a href="German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>

<ul><li><a href="Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></li>

<li><a href="Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li>

<li><a href="Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li>

<li><a href="Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayan_Peoples'_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian resistance movement during World War II">Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></li>

<li><a href="Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></li>

<li>Vietnam

<li><a href="Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li>

<li>German prisoners

<ul><li><a href="German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>

<ul><li><a href="German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></li>

<li><a href="German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></li>

<li>Soviet prisoners

<ul><li><a href="Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></li>

<li><a href="German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li>

<li><a href="Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude7712" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a>

<ul><li><a href="Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li>

<li><a href="Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a>

<ul><li><a href="Remilitarisation_of_the_Rhineland" title="Remilitarisation of the Rhineland">Remilitarisation of the Rhineland</a></li>

<li><a href="Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></li>

<li><a href="Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li>

<li><a href="1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></li>

<li><a href="German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></li>

<li><a href="Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></li>

<li><a href="Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_occupation_of_the_Baltic_states_(1940)" title="Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)">Baltic states</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></li>

<li><a href="Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></li>

<li><a href="Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></li>

<li><a href="German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></li>

<li><a href="Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a>

<ul><li><a href="Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<a href="Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a>)</li>

<li><a href="June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></li>

<li><a href="Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></li>

<li><a href="Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></li>

<li><a href="Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></li>

<li><a href="St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></li>

<li><a href="Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></li>

<li><a href="Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a>

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></li>

<li><a href="Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Rzhev%2C_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></li>

<li><a href="Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></li>

<li><a href="Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch">Torch</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Black_May_(1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></li>

<li><a href="Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></li>

<li><a href="Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></li>

<li><a href="Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></li>

<li><a href="Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></li>

<li><a href="Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage">Cottage</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></li>

<li><a href="Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a>

<ul><li><a href="Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></li>

<li><a href="Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Tempest" title="Operation Tempest">Tempest</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Imphal" title="Battle of Imphal">Imphal</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Kohima" title="Battle of Kohima">Kohima</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Overlord</a></li>

<li><a href="Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings">Neptune</a></li>

<li><a href="Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Bagration</a></li>

<li><a href="Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon">Dragoon</a></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_San_Marino" title="Battle of San Marino">Battle of San Marino</a></li>

<li><a href="Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden">Market Garden</a></li>

<li><a href="Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></li>

<li><a href="Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Crossbow</a></li>

<li><a href="Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive">Pointblank</a></li>

<li><a href="Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></li>

<li><a href="Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></li>

<li><a href="Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a>

<ul><li><a href="Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a>

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte">Bodenplatte</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_coup_d'%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></li>

<li><a href="Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></li>

<li><a href="Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a>

<ul><li><a href="German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></li>

<li><a href="Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></li>

<li><a href="Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></li>

<li><a href="Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a>

<ul><li><a href="Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></li>

<li><a href="Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a>

<ul><li><a href="Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></li>

<li><a href="End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>

<ul><li> <a href="Portal%3AWorld" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></li>

<li><a href="Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></li>

<li>Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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